This is the opinion of Imam Ahamad, Imam ibn al-Mubarak, Ishaq and some of the students of a-Shafi'i. So the prevalent view of the Hanbali school is that, somebody who doesn't pray is kafir. I heard the Messenger of Allah (may peace and blessings be upon him) observing this:īetween man and polytheism and unbelief is the abandonment of salat. It is narrated on the authority of Abu Zubair that he heard Jabir b. There's also an other stronger hadith which you may find in almost all Sunan collections and in Sahih Muslim with slightly different wordings: I remember that there was a discussion between Imam a-Shafi'i and Imam Ahmad on the matter where Imam a-Shafi'i could clearly show a contradiction in the argumentation of Imam Ahmad.
He also added a quote of Al-Bayahqi saying something like this could also be taken literally as not praying could be considered as a disbelief which should be punished by taking his life as Imam Ahmad concluded from this hadith taking it literally. In his sharh (commentary) of Sunan an-Nasa-i Imam as-Suyuti said: this is a castigation for the one who doesn't pray and an alarming for him, which says you are nearer to become a kafir than being a Muslim or that you may end up as a non-Muslim if you don't repent and pray.
That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The covenant between us and them is the Salat, so whoever abandons it he has committed disbelief." (Also narrted on the authority of ibn 'Abbas and Anas. Narrated Abdullah bin Buraidah narrated from his father: I guess you refer to this hadith which is quoted in Sunan ibn Majah, Sunan an-Nasa-i, Jami' at-Tirmidhi, Musnad Ahmad and Mustadrak al-Hakim:
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